c) The newest east Jewish languages display numerous features: best stress (1), changes off [Theta] to 1 (4), reinterpretation out-of verb category while the contour (5), and you may reflexive pronouns centered on nos- (17). Speaking of areal possess and that duration might divide between Halabja into the one-hand and you can Koy Sanjaq and Azerbaijan for the most other. This isn’t manhunt phone number clear where dialect every one of them starts, however they are likely borrowed from just one toward anyone else and never handed down in keeping.
These types of three significant clusters out of isoglosses depict only a little region of research and is taken to sustain to the taxonomy of NENA languages. Hoberman (1988, 573), using facts off pronouns, demonstrates the presence of a northern Iraqi dialect class (here depicted by the Zakho, Tisqopa, and you may Aradhin) and this cannot be imagined based on the limited investigation presented right here. All it takes now’s both heavier definitions of your own languages currently recorded, to ensure usual and you may identifying qualities can be acquired, and possess field-work so you’re able to list the countless languages that are for the brink off extinction.
step one Thank you are due to people who provided investigation and you will advice, particularly Gene Gragg, Robert Hoberman, and you may Jo Rubba. Elizabeth.H. june stipend.
For example, f and you will grams had been chose into the terms for example etrog ‘citron’ and you will sefer ‘scroll of the law’, in which regarding the handed down Aramaic vocabulary f might have end up being p and you will g would have vanished
3 Garbell (1964, 100-103) claims your sound system out of Jewish Azerbaiaic away from Kurdish. This lady number one proof for this ‘s the pronunciation out-of Hebrew loan-conditions within dialect. Hebrew loanwords inside the Jewish Azerbaijani hold specific tunes which have been erased or matched with individuals regarding well-known Neo-Aramaic words. Garbell claims these retentions show why these Hebrew conditions were borrowed originally for the Kurdish, which a group of Kurdish sound system after shifted so you’re able to Neo-Aramaic. It appears likely to be that Hebrew issues from the dialect don’t be involved in the new voice changes in matter due to the fresh unique spiritual sign in to which they fall in. They might even have altered right after which started restored towards the base of conventional pronunciation out of nearby groups.
4 An elevated + indicates that the second word is actually obvious on the suprasegmental function ’emphasis’ that is found to some degree throughout NENA dialects. Phonetically, importance are advanced, but their top parts are velarization, and is also often triggered by the clear presence of the fresh emphatic consonants t and s.
eight On the dialect out-of Tyari [Theta] usually gets s. It dialect, that has been verbal prior to 1915 within the a local off Hakkari, is not talked about right here because product with it is lack of.
8 This is not clear if or not this form can be acquired in the brand new Halabja dialect. My informants following that understood they, however, said it absolutely was a lot more attribute of your own surrounding town of Suleimaniya. Regardless, it’s unknown regarding dialect of Jews away from Sanandaj.
nine Robert Hoberman means to me your NENA variations will get currently have originated in an enthusiastic unattested metathesized age[Theta]strip ezdi.
Boyarin, Daniel. 1981. Inside Bono Homini Donum: Essays for the Historic Linguistics in Memories off J. Alexander Kerns, ed. Yoel L. Arbeitman and you may Allan R. Bomhard. Amsterdam Education throughout the Idea and Reputation for Linguistic Research, show IV. Latest Items in Linguistic Principle 16. Part II, 613-forty-two. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
An inquiry towards Development of your Middle Aramaic Languages
Garbell, Irene. 1964. Flat Terms and conditions and Syllables for the Jewish Eastern New Aramaic out-of Persian Azerbaijan and also the Continguous Areas (A dilemma of Multilingualism). Inside Degree within the Egyptology and you can Linguistics honoring H. J. Polotsky, ed. H. B. Rosen, 86-103. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Community.
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